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Cruz e Sousa

1861–1898

Brazil

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Biography

João da Cruz e Sousa (24 November 1861 – 19 March 1898), also referred to simply as Cruz e Sousa, was a Brazilian poet and journalist, famous for being one of the first Brazilian Symbolist poets. A descendant of African slaves, he has received the epithets of "Black Dante" and "Black Swan". He is the patron of the 15th chair of the Academia Catarinense de Letras.

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Biography text · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source checked 2026-10-13

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