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SERIES 1 · THE COMPLETE COLLECTION

Series 1 · Business & Enterprise

Learn how entrepreneurs and institutions built livelihoods, opportunities and communities.

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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & documents

Chuck D's Appearance Log

6-26-2000

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “Chuck D's Appearance Log” (Text).

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.A2013.149.3, Item 4
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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & documents

Chuck D- Shoot Dates

n.d.

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “Chuck D- Shoot Dates” (Text).

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.A2013.149.3, Item 4
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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Chuka Umunna

1978–

Chuka Harrison Umunna (; born 17 October 1978) is a British businessman and former politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Streatham from 2010 until 2019. A former member of the Labour Party, he was part of the Shadow Cabinet from 2011 to…

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BIOGRAPHY
Business & Enterprise

Cicero Leak

Biography

Cicero Leak is an American talent agent. He is the CEO of The Victor Group (TVG) which provides representation for clients in motion pictures, television, brand strategy, content creation, intellectual property and sports. Leak was a founding partner of…

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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
Clothing - Fashion and Historical

Circular black hat with pearl pin decoration from Mae's Millinery Shop

1941-1994

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Black circular hat (a) designed by Mae Reeves with faux pearl hat pin (b) on front brim for decoration. The hat is saucer shaped and made from black cording sewn together. The interior of the opening is lined in black grosgrain ribbon. A white tag with…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2016.48.24ab
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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
hatboxes

Circular green and gold striped hatbox from Mae's Millinery Shop

1941-1994

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Green and gold vertically striped hat box with lid from Mae's Millinery Shop. Gold cord is attached to the sides of the hatbox for a handle. The interior of the base and lid are solid gold.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2016.48.95ab
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Source image for Circular letter requisitioning enslaved men for defence of the ConfederacyLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Circular letter requisitioning enslaved men for defence of the Confederacy

1864

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A circular with letters from William Smith, Governor of Virginia, and George W. Munford, Secretary of the Commonwealth, to County Courts throughout Virginia. The document consists of printed black text on a single sheet of paper, folded to form four pages…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2019.28.14.3
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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
ear clips

Circular pearl and rhinestone earrings from Mae's Millinery Shop

1941-1994

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Circular earrings with large round plastic pearl set in center, surrounded by small clear rhinestones. The earrings have a clip-on lever back.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2016.48.72ab
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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
accessories

Circular wire with white and red beads from Mae's Millinery Shop

1941-1994

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A circular length of wire with white faux plastic pearls and one (1) large red plastic bead at the center.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2010.6.224
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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & documents

City License of Columbia, Columbia S.C. 1929 M.A. Evans Md. / Letterhead paper for Dr. M.A. Evans Specialist Gynecology and Pediatrics

1929

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “City License of Columbia, Columbia S.C. 1929 M.A. Evans Md. / Letterhead paper for Dr. M.A. Evans Specialist Gynecology and Pediatrics” (Text).

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog sova.nmaahc.a2019.109_ref5
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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
digital images

Civil Rights March Blocking Traffic on Franklin Street as Marchers Weave Back and Forth through the Main Business District

February 8, 1964; scanned 2010

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A digital image of a Civil Rights march blocking traffic on Franklin Street as marchers weave back and forth through the main business district.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.11.3
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Documents and Manuscripts

Claim sheet for unpaid salary for orchestra musicians

1941

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A Los Angeles Local 767 Music Union claim sheet form for unpaid salary for performances at Los Angeles' Mayan Theater in July of 1941 filed by musicians against Duke Ellington's "Jump for Joy, Inc.". The single sheet form is partially printed with…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2012.46.60.1
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Documents and Manuscripts

Claim sheet for unpaid salary for orchestra musicians

1941

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A Los Angeles Local 767 Music Union claim sheet form for unpaid salary for performances at Los Angeles' Mayan Theater in July of 1941 filed by musicians against Duke Ellington's "Jump for Joy, Inc.". The single sheet form is partially printed with…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2012.46.60.2
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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Clara Brown

1800–1885

Clara Brown (January 1, 1800 – October 23, 1885) was a former enslaved woman from Virginia and Kentucky who became a community leader and philanthropist. She helped formerly enslaved people become settled during Colorado's Gold Rush. She was known as the…

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BIOGRAPHY
Music

Clara McDaniel

1948–

Clara McDaniel (born November 26, 1948) is an American blues singer and songwriter. She released her debut album, Unwanted Child, in 1997 and has worked with notable blues musicians including Albert King, Tommy Bankhead, Bobby Bland, Little Milton, Oliver…

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BIOGRAPHY
Literature

Clara Villarosa

1930–

Clara Villarosa is an American entrepreneur, author, publisher and motivational speaker. She is the co-founder of Villarosa Media and was the founder of Hue-Man Bookstores in Denver, Colorado and Harlem, New York, one of the highest earning…

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BIOGRAPHY
Business

Clarence Avant

1931–2023

Clarence Alexander Avant (February 25, 1931 – August 13, 2023) was a prominent American music executive, businessman and film producer. Widely recognized as "The Black Godfather", Avant's career was characterized by his advocacy for equitable treatment and…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics

Clarence L. Townes Jr.

1928–2017

Clarence Lee Townes Jr. (January 21, 1928 – January 11, 2017) was an American businessperson, politician, and civic activist from Richmond, Virginia. He served as an officer with the U.S. Army in the Korean War.

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BIOGRAPHY
Business & Enterprise

Clarence O. Smith

1933–2025

Clarence O. Smith (March 31, 1933 – April 21, 2025) was an American media executive. He was one of the four original founders of Essence magazine and served as the company's president, in charge of advertising and marketing, through 2002. He attended City…

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BIOGRAPHY
Business & Enterprise

Clarence Otis Jr.

1956–

Clarence Otis Jr. (born April 11, 1956) is an American businessman and former CEO and chairman of Darden Restaurants. Otis was named the 11th most powerful person in Central Florida by the Orlando Sentinel in 2010.

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BIOGRAPHY
Sports & Achievement

Clarence Thomas (American football)

?–2011

Clarence "Motts" Thomas (October 17, 1945 – February 20, 2011) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Bowie State University from 1974 to 1975, Morgan State University from 1978 to 1980, and at Pomona-Pitzer in Claremont,…

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BIOGRAPHY
Music

Clarence Williams

Biography

Clarence Williams (October 8, 1898 or October 6, 1893 – November 6, 1965) was an American jazz pianist, composer, promoter, vocalist, theatrical producer, and publisher.

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Biographies, museum objects and archive records are distinct card types. Every card links to its historical source.