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SERIES 1 · THE COMPLETE COLLECTION

Series 1 · Civil Rights & Public Life

Follow movements, public leaders and campaigns for rights, citizenship and representation.

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics

Frederick D. Alexander

1910–1980

Frederick Douglas Alexander (February 21, 1910 – April 13, 1980) was an American businessman, civil rights activist, and politician from Charlotte, North Carolina. Elected to the Charlotte City Council in 1965, he was the first African American to serve on…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights & Community

Frederick D. Reese

1929–2018

Frederick Douglas Reese (November 28, 1929 – April 5, 2018) was an American civil rights activist, educator and minister from Selma, Alabama. Known as a member of Selma's "Courageous Eight", Reese was the president of the Dallas County Voters League (DCVL)…

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BIOGRAPHY
Abolition

Frederick Douglass

c. 1818–1895

Born enslaved, Douglass escaped and became one of the nineteenth century’s most influential advocates for abolition, citizenship and equal rights.

Library of Congress
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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Frederick Douglass Jr.

1842–1892

Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey Douglass Jr. (March 3, 1842 – July 26, 1892) was the second son of Frederick Douglass and his wife Anna Murray Douglass. Born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, he was an abolitionist, essayist, newspaper editor, and an…

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BIOGRAPHY
Music

Frederick Douglass Kirkpatrick

1933–1986

Frederick Douglass Kirkpatrick (1933–1986) was an African-American musician, civil rights activist, and minister from Haynesville, Louisiana. In late 1964 he was a co-founder of the Deacons for Defense and Justice, an armed black self-defense group, in the…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Frederick Hill (politician)

Dates not recorded

Frederick Hill was an African-American politician in Florida during the Reconstruction era. He was a delegate to the 1868 Florida Constitutional Convention and represented Gadsden County in the Florida Legislature. He also served as a Gadsden County…

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BIOGRAPHY
Sports

Frederick Johnson

1891–1963

Frederick Johnson (1891–1963) was an American professional tennis player, coach and teacher. A Harlem native, Johnson was an African American who managed to turn pro despite Segregation in American tennis and despite being one-armed due to paralysis as a…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Frederick Langdon Hubbard

1878–1953

Frederick Langdon Hubbard (1878–1953) was Chairman of the Toronto Transportation Commission from 1929 to 1930. He was the first African Canadian to serve on the TTC board (first as Commissioner and later as Chairman). Born in Toronto in 1878, Hubbard was…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Frederick Madison Roberts

1879–1952

Frederick Madison Roberts (September 14, 1879 – July 19, 1952) was an American newspaper owner and editor, educator and business owner; he became a politician, the first known man of African-American descent elected to the California State Assembly. He…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights & Community

Fredericka Douglass Sprague Perry

1872–1943

Fredericka Douglass Sprague Perry (August 9, 1872 – October 23, 1943) was an American philanthropist and activist. Perry founded the Colored Big Sister Home for Girls in 1934 in Kansas City, Missouri. With her husband, John E. Perry, she worked to provide…

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BIOGRAPHY
Education & Scholarship

Fredrick C. Harris

Biography

Fredrick Cornelius Harris is an American political scientist specializing in African American politics. He is the Class of 1933 Professor of Political Science and former Dean of Faculty for Social Sciences at Columbia University. He also serves as Director…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights & Community

Fredrick McGhee

1861–1912

Fredrick Lamar McGhee (October 28, 1861 – September 9, 1912) was an African-American criminal defense lawyer and civil rights activist. Born a slave in Mississippi, McGhee would become the first black attorney in Minnesota. Alongside close friend and…

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MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Free Angela demonstration in front of the Criminal Court Building in Lower Manhattan, where Angela Davis is being held after she was arrested in New York on October 13, 1970

October 1970; printed 2021

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white archival print of demonstrators protesting to support Angela Davis in front of the Criminal Courts Building in Lower Manhattan. Protestors hold fists in the air, and those in the background hold banners. Several protesters wear pinback…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2022.11.2
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Free Angela march through West Oakland, Oakland, July 13, 1972

July 13, 1972; printed 2021

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white archival print of two protest marchers on a march through West Oakland. They are facing to viewer's left. Individual at left has mouth open to sing or speak. Individual at right holds a large poster depicting Angela Davis in mid-speech.…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2022.11.3
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

‘Free Bobby (Seale)’ Black Panther Button

2010; printed 2019

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white photograph of a “Free Bobby (Seale)” Black Panther Button pinback button, by Platon. The round, white, pin back button features a black-and-white illustration of the Black Panther Party emblem: a crouching, snarling black panther. Black…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2021.33.25
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Free Clothing Program, A Boy Tries on a Coat at a Party Office, Toledo, Ohio, 1971

1971, printed 2014

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white photograph of a boy standing in front of a coat rack. He is smiling broadly, his arms outstretched, with a coat draped over his right arm and shoulder. The coat rack is almost completely full with various types and styles of coats. The…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2014.123.3
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Record Albums

Free Huey!

1970

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A long-playing record (2011.103.3a) recorded by Stokely Carmichael and published by Black Forum Records. The record advocates for the release of Black Panther Party founder Huey P. Newton. The album cover (2011.103.3b) features an image of Stokely…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.10.3ab
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Free Huey/Free Bobby Rally, San Francisco, California, 1970

1970, printed 2014

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white photograph of a Black Panther rally in San Francisco, California. At the center of the photograph is a man wearing a hat speaking into a microphone on a stand. All around him are young women, young men and children who are clapping and…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2014.123.5
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Decorative Arts, Craft, and Design

Freedom

2016

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

An original hand-drawn sketch by graphic designer Andrea Pippins entitled Freedom. The sketch is made with brown ink on a sheet of white paper. It is in the style of a worksheet for the user to color in and complete with additional words and drawings. The…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2018.51.1
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Decorative Arts, Craft, and Design

Freedom

2016

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Digital pdf file offered by graphic designer Andrea Pippins, based on her original hand-drawn sketch (2018.51.1). The sketch is black on a white background. It is in the style of a worksheet for the user to color in and complete with additional words and…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2018.51.3
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MUSEUM OBJECT
gelatin silver prints

Freedom Day in Hattiesburg, Mississippi

1964

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Voting rights advocate, Fannie Lou Hamer, is shown picketing in front of the Forrest County Courthouse. Later, Hamer's group, the Mississippi Freedom Party, would challenge the official delegation at the 1964 Democratic Convention. A black-and-white…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2012.107.8
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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
gelatin silver prints

Freedom Democratic Headquarters, Holmes Co., Mississippi

ca. 1965

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white photograph of a small building with signs above the porch and front door that say "Freedom Democratic Party F.D.P" An African American boy is standing on the porch.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2012.107.39
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Freedom General Store

1968

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white photograph of three children in a Resurrection City plywood structure with the sign "Freedom General Store." The photograph shows a structure made out of wooden boards. On the proper left side of the structure there is a white rectangle…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2017.109.11
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Documents and Manuscripts

Freedom is Everybody's Job! The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People: Summation in the Trial of the 11 Communist leaders

1949

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Pamphlet of "Freedom is Everybody's Job!" by George Crockett. The pamphlet has a glossy cover sheet with the interior pages secured with two staples in the spine. There is a black and white image in the bottom left of the author wearing a suit and glasses…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2017.14.1
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Biographies, museum objects and archive records are distinct card types. Every card links to its historical source.