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SERIES 1 · THE COMPLETE COLLECTION

Series 1 · Civil Rights & Public Life

Follow movements, public leaders and campaigns for rights, citizenship and representation.

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Ernie Chambers

1937–

Ernest William Chambers (born July 10, 1937) is an American politician and civil rights activist who represented North Omaha's 11th District in the Nebraska State Legislature from 1971 to 2009 and again from 2013 to 2021. He could not run in 2020 due to…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Ernie Suggs

1967–

Ernie Suggs (born March 18, 1967) is an American journalist with The Atlanta Journal-Constitution who writes about race and culture. He also writes about the Carter Center and former President Jimmy Carter. He oversees AJC Sepia, the newspaper's Black news…

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BIOGRAPHY
Sports & Achievement

Eroseanna Robinson

1924–1976

Eroseanna "Sis" Robinson (1924–1976) was an African-American social worker, track star, activist and member of the Peacemakers who organized for desegregation and against the U.S. military in the 1950s and 1960s. In particular, she was an advocate of…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Erricka Bridgeford

1972–

Erricka Bridgeford is an African American activist from Baltimore. She worked to get Maryland's death penalty law repealed in 2013, and founded and co-organizes quarterly 72-hour "Ceasefire" weekends. Baltimore Ceasefire weekends began in 2017, in the hope…

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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Errin Haines

Biography

Errin Haines (formerly known as Errin Haines Whack) is an American journalist. She writes about politics, civil rights, voting rights, and race. She was the national writer on race for Associated Press from 2017-2020.

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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Ersa Poston

1921–2009

Ersa Hines Poston (née Ersa Elizabeth Hines; March 3, 1921 — January 7, 2009) was an American anti-poverty activist and civil service reformer. She was the first African American woman appointed to the Civil Service Commission. She then became vice…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Erynn Chambers

1992–

Erynn Chambers, better known under her TikTok username rynnstar (born 1992), is an American social media content creator, activist, and teacher. She is best known for her work on TikTok. She is also credited as a co-author on the country song "Beer Beer,…

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BIOGRAPHY
Education & Scholarship

Esau Jenkins

1910–1972

Esau Jenkins (July 3, 1910 – October 30, 1972) was an American human Rights leader, businessman, local preacher, and community organizer. He was the founder and leader of many organizations and institutions which helped improved the political, educational,…

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MUSEUM OBJECT
Books and Published Materials

Esquire, Vol. 69, No. 4

1968

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Esquire magazine volume 69, number 4. The magazine’s cover depicts Muhammad Ali being pierced by six arrows. Text below the image reads: [The Passion of Muhammad Ali]. The magazine contains166 pages of articles, advertisements, fiction writing, and…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2014.248
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Books and Published Materials

Esquire, Volume LXIX, No. 4

April 1968

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

One (1) copy of the April 1968 issue of Esquire magazine featuring Muhammad Ali on the cover. The cover is fully white, with the Esquire masthead at the top in black and a color photograph of Ali at center, standing shirtless in white boxing shorts and…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2024.67
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Clothing - Fashion and Historical

"ESR" tote bag designed by Brandon Blackwood

2020

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A small beige canvas tote bag with raised silver metal lettering reading [END SYSTEMIC RACISM] the front center of the bag. The tote bag has two beige leather handles at the top and a beige leather closure with a silver metal clasp. Inside of the bag there…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2024.58ab
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Memorabilia and Ephemera - Political and Activist Ephemera

Essay discussing liberation in Angola

January 22, 1976

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

This report discusses US intevention in Angola. The essay is typed on white paper in black ink. The letterhead reads [Interpretive / Services / director / GEORGE M. DANIELS / BOARD OF GLOBAL MINISTRIES THE UNITED METHODIST CHURCH 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, NEW…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2015.97.27.60
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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Essex Hemphill

1957–1995

Essex Hemphill (April 16, 1957 – November 4, 1995) was an openly gay American poet and activist. He is known for his contributions to the Washington, D.C., art scene in the 1980s, and for openly discussing the topics pertinent to the African-American gay…

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BIOGRAPHY
Education & Scholarship

Essie Mae Washington-Williams

1925–2013

Essie Mae Washington-Williams (née Butler; October 12, 1925 – February 4, 2013) was an American teacher and author. She was the eldest child of Strom Thurmond, governor of and United States senator from South Carolina. Of mixed race, she was born to Carrie…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Estelle Hall Young

1884–1938

Estelle Hall Young (1884-1938) was a leader of the African-American women's suffrage movement in Baltimore, Maryland. She founded the Colored Women's Suffrage Club and worked tirelessly to support suffrage for African-American people.

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BIOGRAPHY
Science & Inventions

Esther A. Hopkins

1926–2021

Esther Arvilla Hopkins (née Harrison; September 18, 1926 – May 19, 2021) was an American chemist, environmental attorney and politician. Hopkins was best known for her career as a biophysicist and research chemist at American Cyanamid along with research…

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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Esther Agbaje

1985–

Esther Agbaje (/əɡ'bæd͡ʒeɪ̯/, əɡ-BAJ-ay; born March 19, 1985) is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2021. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), Agbaje represents District 59B, which…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Esther Brimmer

1961–

Esther Diane Brimmer (born 1961) is an American foreign policy expert and former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs. In June 2013, she left her post as Assistant Secretary and returned to academia. In January 2017, she…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Esther Charlestin

1990–

Esther Ann Charlestin (born 1990) is an American educator and businesswoman, serving as the chair of the Vermont Commission on Women. A first-generation Haitian American, Charlestin was the Democratic nominee in the 2024 Vermont gubernatorial election. She…

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BIOGRAPHY
Literature

Esther Cooper Jackson

1917–2022

Esther Victoria Cooper Jackson (August 21, 1917 – August 23, 2022) was an American civil rights activist and social worker. She worked with Shirley Graham Du Bois, W. E. B. Du Bois, Edward Strong, and Louis E. Burnham, and was one of the founding editors…

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BIOGRAPHY
Education & Scholarship

Esther Haywood

1940–2024

Esther Jean Haywood (née Hill; January 15, 1940 – November 16, 2024) was an American politician and educator who served in the Missouri House of Representatives from the 71st district from 2001 to 2009.

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MUSEUM OBJECT
Time-based Media - Moving Images

Esther M.A. Terry, Ph. D. Oral History Interview

July 6, 2011

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The oral history consists of ten digital files: 2011.174.28.1a, 2011.174.28.1b, 2011.174.28.1c, 2011.174.28.1d, 2011.174.28.1e, 2011.174.28.1f, 2011.174.28.1g, 2011.174.28.1h, 2011.174.28.1i, 2011.174.28.1j. Esther M. A. Terry Ph.D. remembers growing up in…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.174.28.1a-j
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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Esther Popel

1896–1958

Esther B. Popel (July 16, 1896 – January 28, 1958; also known as Esther Popel Shaw) was an African-American poet of the Harlem Renaissance, an activist, and an educator. She wrote and edited for magazines such as The Crisis, the Journal of Negro Education,…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics

Ethel D. Allen

1929–1981

Ethel D. Allen (May 8, 1929 – December 16, 1981) was an African-American politician and physician from the Republican Party, who served as the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania under governor Dick Thornburgh for 10 months, between January and…

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Biographies, museum objects and archive records are distinct card types. Every card links to its historical source.