Follow movements, public leaders and campaigns for rights, citizenship and representation.
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Loading image…1951–2019
Elijah Eugene Cummings (January 18, 1951 – October 17, 2019) was an American politician and lawyer who served in the United States House of Representatives for Maryland's 7th congressional district from 1996 until his death in 2019, when he was succeeded…
Loading image…1897–1975
Elijah Muhammad led the Nation of Islam from 1933 to 1975, helping it grow from a Detroit-based movement into a national organization. He promoted Black nationalism and economic self-reliance alongside racial separation. His theology included racist…
October 16, 1995
FROM THE SOURCE CATALOGThis black-and-white photograph depicts a man holding a painting of Elijah Muhammed and another individual, possibly a key figure in the Nation of Islam. In the painting, Elijah Muhammed is wearing a dark suit and dark taqiyah decorated with crescent moon…
Loading image…1885–1971
Elise Johnson McDougald (October 13, 1885 – June 10, 1971), a.k.a. Gertrude Elise McDougald Ayer, was an American educator, writer, activist and first African-American woman principal in New York City public schools following the consolidation of the city…
2001–
Elisha Mary Sulola (born 7 June 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Serie A Women club Napoli. Sulola also holds Nigerian citizenship through descent. She has previously played for Tottenham Hotspur, Charlton…
1831–1922
Eliza Ann Gardner (May 28, 1831 – January 4, 1922) was an African-American abolitionist, religious leader and women's movement leader from Boston, Massachusetts. She founded the missionary society of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZ), was…
1917–2020
Eliza Jane Burnett Dodson Ashley, or best known as Liza Ashley, (October 11, 1917 – November 13, 2020) was an American cook and author. She was the executive chef at the Arkansas Governor's Mansion from 1956 to 1990. She authored the cookbook Thirty Years…
1830–
Eliza Winston (c. 1830–?) was an enslaved American from Mississippi who was freed from her owners while with them on vacation in Minnesota, a free state. She received a hearing in court via a Freedom suit, where she said she and her late husband had…
1990–
Elizabeth Booker Houston is an American lawyer, public health professional, stand-up comedian, and political commentator. She gained national attention for blending legal analysis with satire and her viral rebuke of conservative pundit Ann Coulter at the…
1960–2001
Elizabeth Calvet (1960–2001) was a Brazilian human rights activist. Primarily known for her work during the earliest stages of the lesbian rights movement in Brazil, she also had a long career advocating for the rights of marginalised communities,…
1900–1981
Elizabeth Cardozo Barker (1900–1981) was the founder of Cardozo Sisters Hairstylists in Washington, D.C. She was also a president of the D.C. Cosmetology Board.
1867–1951
Elizabeth Carter Brooks (1867–1951), was an American educator, social activist and architect. She was passionate about helping other African Americans achieve personal success and was one of the first to recognize the importance of preserving historical…
1893–1987
Elizabeth "Libba" Cotten (née Nevills; January 5, 1893 – June 29, 1987) was an influential American folk and blues musician. She was a self-taught left-handed guitarist who played a guitar strung for a right-handed player, but played it upside down. This…
1944–2019
Elizabeth Ann Cromwell (née Gallion; September 4, 1944 – October 2, 2019) was an African Nova Scotian and Black Loyalist. She dedicated her career to the celebration of African Nova Scotian History and recognising the experiences of the Birchtown black…
Loading image…1919–1989
Elizabeth Duncan Koontz (June 3, 1919 – January 6, 1989) was an American figure in education, civil rights and the women's movement. She was the first African-American president of the National Education Association and director of the United States…
Loading image…1905–1994
Elizabeth Fletcher Allen was an attorney, civil rights activist, and the first Black woman attorney in both the city of South Bend and the state of Indiana. She represented St. Joseph county in the Indiana House of Representatives from 1939 until 1943.
1909–1986
Elizabeth Harden Gilmore (1909–1986) was a business leader and civil rights advocate. She was the first woman to be licensed as an assistant funeral director in Kanawha County, West Virginia on October 28, 1938, and as a funeral director on November 12,…
Loading image…1827–1901
Elizabeth Jennings Graham (March 1827 – June 5, 1901) was an African-American teacher and civil rights figure. In 1854, Graham insisted on her right to ride on an available New York City streetcar at a time when all such companies were private and most…
Loading image…1818–1907
Elizabeth Hobbs Keckley (February 1818 – May 1907) was an American seamstress, activist, and writer who lived in Washington, D.C. She was the personal dressmaker (modiste) and confidante of Mary Todd Lincoln. An African American, Keckley also started the…
Born 1630
Elizabeth Key Grinstead (also Greenstead; c. 1630 or 1632 – 1665) was one of the first mixed race people in the Thirteen Colonies to sue for freedom from slavery and win. Key won her freedom and that of her infant son, John Grinstead, on July 21, 1656, in…
Loading image…1855–1944
Elizabeth Lindsay Davis (1855-1944) was an African-American teacher, writer, and activist. She was responsible for forming the Phyllis Wheatley Women's Club in Chicago, Illinois in 1900.
1956–
Elizabeth Monette "Beth" Coggs (born December 4, 1956) is an American community organizer and Democratic politician from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 10th Assembly district from 2011 to 2013.…
1847–1919
Elizabeth Piper Ensley (January 19, 1847 – February 23, 1919), was an educator and an African-American suffragist. Born in Massachusetts, Ensley was a teacher on the eastern coast of the country. She moved to Colorado where she achieved prominence as a…
Biography
Elizabeth Cook Riley (née Cook; c. 1792 – 1855) was an African-American Bostonian abolitionist who aided in the escape of fugitive slave Shadrach Minkins. She was a member of the committee which raised the first funds towards William Lloyd Garrison's The…
Biographies, museum objects and archive records are distinct card types. Every card links to its historical source.
