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SERIES 1 · THE COMPLETE COLLECTION

Series 1 · Slavery, Resistance & Freedom

Learn about enslavement, resistance, abolition and the struggle for freedom through biographies and historical records.

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ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & documents

East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, Franklin, and Iberville

1864–68

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, Franklin, and Iberville”.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1905, Item 4.1.9.5
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Ebo Landing

2023

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white photograph of Dunbar creek on Saint Simons Island, Georgia. Two trees are in the foreground with the creek and the opposite bank covered in grass just behind. The photograph is overexposed, with the trees and grass bank appearing bright…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2024.91.6
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Books and Published Materials

Ebony Vol. XVIII No. 11

September 1963

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

An Ebony magazine, September 1963 Special Issue, featuring the cover article, “In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation,” Vol. XVIII No. 11. The front cover features a reproduction of a black-and-white lithograph of…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.12.53.2
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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Edith Hern Fossett

1787–1854

Edith Hern Fossett (1787–1854) was an African American chef who for much of her life was enslaved by Thomas Jefferson before being freed. Three generations of her family, the Herns, worked in Jefferson's fields, performed domestic and leadership duties,…

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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Edith Renfrow Smith

1914–2026

Edith Renfrow Smith (July 14, 1914 – January 2, 2026) was an American supercentenarian and the first African American woman to graduate from Grinnell College. She was a granddaughter of slaves. At age 108, she was designated a "superager" in a study by…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Edmonia Highgate

1844–1870

Edmonia Highgate (June 21, 1844 – October 16, 1870), was an educator, writer, and activist for freed people in the post-Civil War Reconstruction era. Though born in Syracuse, New York, Highgate's work with the American Missionary Association brought her…

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BIOGRAPHY
Arts

Edmonia Lewis

c. 1844–1907

Lewis trained in Boston and built her career in Rome, carving neoclassical marble sculptures that addressed emancipation, faith and Indigenous heritage.

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BIOGRAPHY
Education & Scholarship

Edmund Kelly (Baptist minister)

1818–1894

Edmund Kelly (May 23, 1818 - October 4, 1894) was the first African-American Baptist minister ordained in Tennessee. He escaped slavery in the 1840s to New England and returned after the US Civil War. He worked as a preacher and teacher in Columbia,…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Edmund Scarborough

Born 1840

Edmund Scarborough (May 1840 - ?) was an American minister, farmer and state legislator in Mississippi. He represented Holmes County, Mississippi in the Mississippi House of Representatives in 1870-1871. He was born enslaved in Greene County, Alabama in…

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BIOGRAPHY
Literature & Journalism

Edna Lewis

1916–2006

Edna Regina Lewis (April 13, 1916 – February 13, 2006) was a renowned American chef, teacher, and author who helped refine the American view of Southern cooking. She championed the use of fresh, in season ingredients and characterized Southern food as…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Edward Allen Fulton

Biography

Edward Allen Fulton (c. 1833 - 1906) was an American newspaperman, abolitionist, postmaster, farmer, and politician. He represented Drew County, Arkansas in the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1871.

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BIOGRAPHY
Film & Television

Edward Barrett (slave)

Dates not recorded

Edward (Jonas) Barrett was a formerly enslaved person from Jamaica. He attended the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London on the 12–23 June 1840. He is depicted in the painting entitled "The Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840" by artist Benjamin…

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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Edward Breathitte Sellers

Biography

Edward Breathitte Sellers is the first known college graduate of color of Wheaton College and one of the first African American graduates in the state of Illinois. Edward Breathitte Sellers was said to have been born in Mississippi around 1842. Born and…

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BIOGRAPHY
Sports

Edward D. Brown

Biography

Edward Dudley Brown (c. 1850 – May 11, 1906) was an American who, although born as a slave, rose to become a Belmont Stakes-winning jockey, a Kentucky Derby-winning horse trainer, and an owner of several of the top racehorses during the last decade of the…

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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Edward Elder Cooper

Born 1859

Edward Elder Cooper (1859–1908) was an American newspaper publisher. He was a prominent early black publisher in the United States. He was born into slavery on June 10, 1859, in Duval County, Florida.

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Edward I. Cain

Biography

Edward Israel Cain (1837 - January 13, 1892) served in the South Carolina House of Representatives during the Reconstruction era. He represented Orangeburg. Enslaved from birth he escaped during the American Civil War and served in the Union Army.

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BIOGRAPHY
Business

Edward J. Sanderlin

1835–1909

Edward J. Sanderlin (September 14, 1835 – April 15, 1909) was born into slavery. He was in Cincinnati by 1850, where he attended the Gilmore School. He took part in the California Gold Rush and the Pike's Peak Gold Rush in Colorado.

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BIOGRAPHY
Visual Arts

Edward Mitchell Bannister

1828–1901

Edward Mitchell Bannister (November 2, 1828 – January 9, 1901) was a Canadian–American oil painter of the American Barbizon School. Born in colonial New Brunswick, he spent his adult life in New England in the United States. There, along with his wife…

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BIOGRAPHY
Military

Edward Ratcliff

1835–1915

Edward Ratcliff (February 8, 1835 – March 10, 1915) was an African American Union Army soldier during the American Civil War and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm. Born…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Edwin Belcher

1845–

Edwin Belcher (born c. 1845) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, a Freedmen Bureau official in Monroe County, Georgia after the war, and then a state senator in the Georgia Legislature representing Wilkes County, Georgia during…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights & Community

Edwin R. Overall

1835–1901

Edwin R. Overall aka Edwin R. Williams (August 25, 1835 – July 31, 1901) was an abolitionist, civil rights activist, civil servant, and politician in Chicago and Omaha. In the 1850s and 1860s, he was involved in abolition and Underground Railroad…

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MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Eggbeater

late 19th century

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A metal rotary eggbeater with a wood handle. The body of the eggbeater has a handle at top connected to a circular cog. Flat, rotating whisks are connected to the circular cog. A round crank is attached to a screw embedded in the handle, that turns the…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2017.108.25.11
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Eighteen carriage bells on wire from a plantation near Georgetown South Carolina

early 19th century

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Eighteen bronze carriage bells connected to metal wires. The bells are of various sizes and are circular. They each have a square metal canon at top where they are connected to the metal wires. The bells have circular cutouts in the top and bottom and a…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2017.108.25.12
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ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & visual records

El Mina Castle Exterior view

2004 November 5

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

El Mina Castle Exterior view. Original Carousel number, 1, Slide number, 63.

Smithsonian Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, National Museum of African ArtCatalog EEPA.2020-001, Item EEPA 2020-001-0060
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Biographies, museum objects and archive records are distinct card types. Every card links to its historical source.