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SERIES 1 · THE COMPLETE COLLECTION

Series 1 · Slavery, Resistance & Freedom

Learn about enslavement, resistance, abolition and the struggle for freedom through biographies and historical records.

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8,921 matching cards · 24 cards per page

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BIOGRAPHY
Music

Chevalier de Saint-Georges

1745–1799

Born in Guadeloupe to an enslaved mother, Saint-Georges became a celebrated composer and conductor and later commanded a volunteer regiment during the French Revolution.

Wikipedia
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Chief Medical Officer's Annual and Monthly Reports of Operations

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Unbound chief medical officer's annual and monthly reports of operations, 1866–69, are arranged by type of report and thereunder chronologically. The annual reports are dated October 1866–September 1868, and the monthly ones, March 1868–March 1869.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1905, File 3.2.1
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Child's hat attributed to Benjamin Sheppard

1860-1865

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A child's coiled-grass hat made of rush, cotton string and John's island reed by Benjamin Sheppard. The rush and reed fibers have been coiled and sewn together with cotton string to form a circular hat with a flat, slightly uneven crown and flat, circular…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2017.108.13
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ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & visual records

Children sitting in front of slavery emacipation monument, Elim (Limpopo, South Africa)

1940-1941

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “Children sitting in front of slavery emacipation monument, Elim (Limpopo, South Africa)” (Negatives (photographic)).

Smithsonian Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, National Museum of African ArtCatalog EEPA.1998-006, Item EEPA 1998-063954
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BIOGRAPHY
Resistance

Chloe Cooley

fl. 1793

Cooley's violent public resistance to being sold in 1793 was witnessed by colonial officials and helped prompt passage of the Act to Limit Slavery in Upper Canada.

Wikipedia
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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Chloe Spear

Biography

Chloe Spear (c. 1749–1815) was an African-born woman who lived both an enslaved and free life in Boston. Her memoir was published anonymously, with Lady of Boston listed as its author.

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BIOGRAPHY
Business & Enterprise

Christiana Carteaux Bannister

1819–1902

Christiana Carteaux Bannister (née Babcock; 1819–1902) was an American business entrepreneur, hairdresser, and abolitionist in New England. She was known professionally as Madame Carteaux. Christiana was married to successful artist Edward Mitchell…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Christopher Payne

1845–1925

Christopher Harrison Payne (September 7, 1845 – December 5, 1925) was an African American religious, educational, and political leader of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Born in the American South during the time of slavery, Payne rose…

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MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Church pew from the Twelfth Baptist Church of Boston

mid 19th century

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The bench is varnished with a dark brown paint that is chipped in several places, revealing a lighter, golden brown grained wood underneath. The right panel of the pew is carved with a simple design and consists of one solid piece of wood while the left…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2014.69
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Circular letter requisitioning enslaved men for defence of the Confederacy

1864

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A circular with letters from William Smith, Governor of Virginia, and George W. Munford, Secretary of the Commonwealth, to County Courts throughout Virginia. The document consists of printed black text on a single sheet of paper, folded to form four pages…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2019.28.14.3
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Circular Letters and Circulars Received — Alexandria (Superintendent)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The two unnumbered volumes of circular letters and circulars received, January 1867–December 1868, are arranged by type of issuance, then chronologically.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.2.15
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Circular Letters Issued and Orders Received — Opelika

June–Oct. 1868

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Unbound circular letters issued and orders received cover the period June–October 1868. The circular letters are arranged by circular number and thereunder chronologically. The orders received are arranged by type of order.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1900, File 4.24.6
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Circular Letters Issued — Jacksonport (Upper White River District)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The single volume of circular letters issued, April 1866–January 1867 (99), is arranged chronologically.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1901, File 3.11.4
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Circular No. 8 from the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands

July 17, 1866

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A wove paper military order, Circular No.8, from the Bureau of Refugees, Freedman & Abandoned Lands, prohibiting landowners from expelling sharecroppers without payment. These orders are issued by Battalion Major General Davis Tillson and approved by his…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2020.26.38
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Circulars (22) — Issuances

June 1865–Mar. 1869

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The one Volume (22) of circulars, June 1865–March 1869, was arranged by year and thereunder numerically. For 1865 and 1866, however, a single number sequence was used. A name index is included.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M979, File 1.5.1
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Circulars and Circular Letters Issued — Surgeon in Chief

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The single volume of circulars and circular letters issued, August 1867–November 1868 (55), is arranged chronologically.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1903, File 2.2.7
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Circulars and Circular Letters Received — Gordonsville (Superintendent, 4th District)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The single volume of circulars and circular letters received, January 1867–October 1868 (245), is arranged chronologically.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.34.5
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Circulars and Circular Letters Received — Issuances

May 1865–Feb. 1868

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The unbound circulars and circular letters received, May 1865–February 1868, are arranged chronologically. They consist of printed and manuscript copies of circulars and circular letters issued by Bureau headquarters or the Assistant Commissioner for…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M979, File 1.5.4
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Circulars and General and Special Orders Received — Madison Courthouse (Assistant Subassistant Commissioner)

Jan. 1865–Aug. 1868

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Unbound circulars and general and special orders received, January 1865–August 1868, are arranged in general chronological order.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.55.4
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Circulars and Orders Issued — Petersburg (Subassistant Commissioner)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The single volume of circulars and orders issued, July 1865–July 1868 (380), is arranged chronologically.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.75.8
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ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & documents

Circulars and Orders Received

July 1865–Mar. 1866

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “Circulars and Orders Received”.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1904, Item 4.26.4.1
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Biographies, museum objects and archive records are distinct card types. Every card links to its historical source.