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SERIES 1 · THE COMPLETE COLLECTION

Series 1 · Slavery, Resistance & Freedom

Learn about enslavement, resistance, abolition and the struggle for freedom through biographies and historical records.

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Source image for CDV of John Hines, formerly enslaved and cook of Company K, 15th Penn. CavalryLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

CDV of John Hines, formerly enslaved and cook of Company K, 15th Penn. Cavalry

1863-1865

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

An albumen photograph carte-de-visite of John Hines, a formerly enslaved man and the cook of Company K, 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Hines is seated in a wooden chair with his hands in his lap. He is wearing a military uniform which is unbuttoned in the…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2018.105.6
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BIOGRAPHY
Arts & Performance

Cecelia Pedescleaux

1945–

Cecelia Tapplette Pedescleaux, also known as Cely, (born August 6, 1945) is an African-American quilter of traditional and art quilts, inspired by historians, other African-American quilters, and quilt designs used during the Underground Railroad to…

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Source image for CeliaLoading image…
BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Celia

Biography

Celia (c. 1835 – December 21, 1855) was an enslaved woman who was convicted of murdering her enslaver, Robert Newsom, in Callaway County, Missouri. Her defense team, led by John Jameson, argued an affirmative defense: Celia killed Robert Newsom by accident…

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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Census of Black Citizens and Register of Bounty Claims Received and Forwarded — Huntsville and Athens (Claims Agent)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The single–volume census of black citizens and register of bounty claims received and forwarded, 1865 and June–July 1868 (79 ½), is arranged by type of record. The first part of the volume is a census of blacks in Athens in 1865. The census includes the…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1900, File 4.14.4
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Census of People Helped by the Government at Fort Monroe, Virginia — Fort Monroe (Department of Negro Affairs, 1863–65) Departments of Virginia and North Carolina

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The single–volume census of people helped by the government at Fort Monroe, VA, is undated.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.64.5
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Census of White and Colored Population of Accomack County — Drummondtown (Assistant Subassistant Commissioner)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The two volumes of census of white and colored population of Accomack County, 1864, 1 (154) and 2 (155), are arranged under the headings "white" and "colored.".

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.24.10
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Census Returns of Black Population of Princess Anne County — Princess Anne (Assistant Subassistant Commissioner)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The single volume of census returns of the black population of Princess Anne County (403) is undated and arranged in five sections: Nos. 1 – 5.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.78.11
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Census Returns of Blacks in Montgomery County — Christianburg (Montgomery County, Assistant Superintendent)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The undated single volume of census returns of blacks in Montgomery County (137) is arranged by initial letter of surname of the person. The returns, however, are not arranged alphabetically.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.15.4
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Census Returns of the Black Population of Montgomery, Grayson, Smyth, Giles, Roanoke, Craig, and Floyd Counties — Wytheville (Subassistant Commissioner)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The single–volume of census returns of the black population of Montgomery, Grayson, Smyth, Giles, Roanoke, Craig, and Floyd Counties, 1865 (497), is arranged by county.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.97.13
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Census Returns of the Black Population of Pulaski, Wythe, and Carroll Counties — Wytheville (Subassistant Commissioner)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The single volume of census returns of the black population of Pulaski, Wythe, and Carroll counties, (494), is Undated and arranged by county.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.97.12
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Census Returns of the Black Population of York County — Yorktown (Assistant Subassistant Commissioner)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The single volume of census returns of the black population of York County (511) covers the month of March 1865.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1913, File 3.99.11
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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Cephas L. Davis

1839–1907

Cephas L. Davis (November 1839 – May 26, 1907) was a pastor, teacher and state legislator who served in the Virginia Senate after the Reconstruction era, from 1879 - 1880. He was born a slave to Cephas Davis and Annie "Frances" Davis around November 1839…

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Source image for Ceremonial basket adorned with cowrie shellsLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Ceremonial basket adorned with cowrie shells

2015

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A basket created by artisans in Mossuril, Mozambique for ceremonial transport of soil from Mozambique to the site of the São José shipwreck in Cape Town, South Africa. The round basket is in two parts, a base and lid, and is made from worked plant…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2016.168ab
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Source image for Certificate for Brazilian ship carrying seven enslaved personsLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Certificate for Brazilian ship carrying seven enslaved persons

September 12, 1840

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A ship certificate for the Brazilian slave ship the Convenção, captained by Joaquin Antonio da Corta. A single page certificate document with writing on the recto in brown ink by three different hands, in both Spanish and Portuguese. At the top left are…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2010.1.235.1
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Source image for Certificate of enlistment for Tilghman DetterLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Certificate of enlistment for Tilghman Detter

June 6, 1865

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A single page certificate of enlistment for the formerly enslaved man Tilghman Detter and payment for Detter to William Thompson of R. by the state of Maryland. The form is printed in black ink and completed by hand in brown ink. At the top in bold and…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.155.39.1
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Source image for Certificate of Freedom for Joseph TrammellLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Certificate of Freedom for Joseph Trammell

May 10, 1852

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Certificate of Freedom for Joseph Trammell. Handwritten in black ink on white paper, the document is labeled at the top as "No. 1952." The document includes a detailed description of Mr. Trammell. It also includes that his freedom was proven by the oath of…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2014.25.1
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Certificate of freedom for Peter Garretson

April 27, 1811

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Certificate of freedom for Peter Garretson, issued by the City & County of New York and signed by Alderman Peter Mesier on April 27, 1811. It has black ink on off-white paper. Standard legal text is printed, while details pertaining to the specific…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2013.46.5.1
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Certificate of freedom issued to Thomas Chambers

1814

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Paperwork certifying the free status of Thomas Chambers. A single pre-printed page completed and signed by Henry Smith, witness to Chambers' free status, and Alderman and Judge Peter McCarter. Chambers is listed as having been born in Chestertown, Maryland…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2019.28.11
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ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & documents

Certificates of Destitution

June–Aug. 1866

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “Certificates of Destitution”.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1910, Item 5.5.12.1
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Certificates of Destitution for the Issuance of Rations — Wilmington (Superintendent of the Southern District)

Feb.–Sept. 1867

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Unbound certificates of destitution for the issuance of rations, February–September 1867, are arranged chronologically.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1909, File 4.53.16
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ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & documents

Certificates Permitting Occupation and Cultivation of Plantations

Mar. 1865

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “Certificates Permitting Occupation and Cultivation of Plantations”.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1905, Item 5.35.17.1
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ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Certificates Permitting Occupation and Cultivation of Plantations — Millikens Bend (Provost Marshal and Assistant Subassistant Commissioner)

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Unbound certificates permitting occupation and cultivation of plantations, March 1865, are arranged numerically.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1905, File 5.35.17
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Biographies, museum objects and archive records are distinct card types. Every card links to its historical source.