Skip to content
SERIES 1 · THE COMPLETE COLLECTION

Series 1 · Slavery, Resistance & Freedom

Learn about enslavement, resistance, abolition and the struggle for freedom through biographies and historical records.

Explore Series 1 categories · Artifact discovery board

8,921 matching cards · 24 cards per page

COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Oaths of Office of Assistant Surgeons and Hospital Attendants — Medical Officer

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Unbound oaths of office of assistant surgeons and hospital attendants, 1865–68, are arranged in two subseries (surgeons and attendants) and thereunder alphabetically by initial letter of surname of employee.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1910, File 3.4.17
Explore record →
COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Oaths of Office of Bureau Officers — Other Records

1867–1868

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “Oaths of Office of Bureau Officers”.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1869, File 1.4.2
Explore record →
Source image for Obediah SummersLoading image…
BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Obediah Summers

1844–1896

Rev. Obediah Summers (1844 – 1896), was an American minister, an American Civil War veteran, and chaplain. He was born enslaved, and briefly worked in servitude within the Confederate States Army, before electing to join the Union Army.

Wikipedia contributors
Read biography →
Source image for OceanLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Ocean

1773

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Manuscript of the dramatic poem "Ocean," written by Phillis Wheatley during her voyage from London, England to Boston, Massachusetts in 1773. The poem is titled at the top of the page and consists of 70 lines in flowing cursive handwriting over four pages.…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2023.82.1
Explore record →
Source image for Octavia Rogers AlbertLoading image…
BIOGRAPHY
Scholarship

Octavia Rogers Albert

1853–1889

Octavia Rogers Albert (December 24, 1853 – August 19, 1889) was an African-American author and biographer. She documented slavery in the United States through a collection of interviews with formerly enslaved people in her book The House of Bondage, or…

Wikipedia contributors
Read biography →
Source image for "Ode to the Evening" in Juvenile Letters: Being a Correspondence Between Children, From Eight to Fifteen Years of AgeLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Books and Published Materials

"Ode to the Evening" in Juvenile Letters: Being a Correspondence Between Children, From Eight to Fifteen Years of Age

1809

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Fifth edition copy of Juvenile Letters: Being a Correspondence Between Children, from Eight to Fifteen Years of Age by Caleb Bingham and printed in 1809 by Lincoln and Edmands in Boston, Massachusetts. Phillis Wheatley is mentioned on page 57, where the…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog A2021.113.1.17
Explore record →
COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
Time-based Media - Moving Images

Of Black America: The Black Soldier

1968

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A documentary film with the title "The Black Soldier," from the television series Of Black America. It consists of a single reel of black-and-white 16mm acetate film with optical sound. The third segment of a seven-part docu-series on CBS, The Black…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2017.55.70.1a
Explore record →
Source image for "Of Course He Wants To Vote The Democratic Ticket"Loading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

"Of Course He Wants To Vote The Democratic Ticket"

October 21, 1876

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Illustrated page from Harper's Weekly. The off-white discolored paper features an image in black ink. It depicts two men threatening an unarmed man with pistols. The man on the proper right side is wearing a dark jacket, a shirt, trousers, a hat with a…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2012.160.64
Explore record →
Source image for Oil lamp from the Jones-Hall-Sims HouseLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

Oil lamp from the Jones-Hall-Sims House

1860-1900

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A clear glass oil lamp base from the Jones-Hall-Sims House. The body, or font, of the lamp is a lozenge shape, smooth with one (1) horizontal ridge line around the top. The font connects to a thick lamp stem with a vertical rib pattern that widens into a…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2009.25.5
Explore record →
BIOGRAPHYPortrait not availableExplore the life, work and source references.
BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights & Community

Oku Ekpenyon

Biography

Oku Ekpenyon MBE is a British campaigner and former history teacher who is founder and chair of the charity Memorial 2007 (MEM2007), advocating over two decades for the establishment of Britain's first permanent national memorial to honour the millions of…

Wikipedia contributors
Read biography →
BIOGRAPHYPortrait not availableExplore the life, work and source references.
BIOGRAPHY
Abolition

Olaudah Equiano

c. 1745–1797

Equiano’s widely read autobiography described enslavement, freedom and maritime life while advancing the British abolition movement.

Wikipedia
Read biography →
BIOGRAPHYPortrait not availableExplore the life, work and source references.
BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Old Elizabeth

1766–1866

Elizabeth (c. 1766 – June 11, 1866) was an African-American Methodist preacher and former slave. She orated a popular slave narrative about her life, titled Memoir of Old Elizabeth, A Colored Woman, which primarily discussed her faith. It has been referred…

Wikipedia contributors
Read biography →
COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
Memorabilia and Ephemera - Other

Old Plantation Cabin Louisiana

March 1, 1906

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Color picture postcard depicting an elderly man sitting on a bench in front of a wooden cabin. The man holds his hat in his hands. Flowering vines grow up the side of the cabin. At bottom center of front is [Old Plantation Cabin Louisiana]. Black…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2014.312.184
Explore record →
COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & visual records

Old slave bell at the Lanzerac Wine Estate, Franschhoek (South Africa)

1983

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “Old slave bell at the Lanzerac Wine Estate, Franschhoek (South Africa)” (Negatives (photographic)).

Smithsonian Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, National Museum of African ArtCatalog EEPA.1998-006, Item EEPA 1998-066163
Explore record →
Source image for Oliver Toussaint JacksonLoading image…
BIOGRAPHY
Business & Enterprise

Oliver Toussaint Jackson

1862–1948

Oliver Toussaint "O.T." Jackson (April 6, 1862 – February 8, 1948) was an American businessman and entrepreneur, who, inspired by Booker T. Washington's autobiography Up from Slavery, formed Dearfield, Colorado, founded a self-sufficient agricultural…

Wikipedia contributors
Read biography →
BIOGRAPHYPortrait not availableExplore the life, work and source references.
BIOGRAPHY
Culture

Olivier Le Jeune

Biography

Olivier Le Jeune (died (1654-05-10)May 10, 1654) was an Afro-Canadian man noted as the first recorded slave in New France.

Wikipedia contributors
Read biography →
Source image for Omar ibn SaidLoading image…
BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Omar ibn Said

1770–1864

Omar ibn Said (Arabic: عمر بن سيد, romanized: ʿUmar bin Saeed or Omar ben Saeed; c. 1770–1864) was a Fula Muslim scholar from Futa Toro in West Africa (present-day Senegal), who was enslaved and transported to the United States in 1807 during the…

Wikipedia contributors
Read biography →
Source image for "On Recollection," in The Gentleman's MagazineLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Books and Published Materials

"On Recollection," in The Gentleman's Magazine

September 1773

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

An edition of Gentleman's Magazine for September, 1773, edited and published by David Henry in London. Page 456 features the poem "On Recollection" by Phillis Wheatley and includes a small review that partly reads: [This piece is taken from a small…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog A2021.113.1.3
Explore record →
Source image for "On the Death of a Child, Five Years of Age" in Arminian MagazineLoading image…
MUSEUM OBJECT
Books and Published Materials

"On the Death of a Child, Five Years of Age" in Arminian Magazine

August 1789

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

An issue of The Arminian Magazine for August 1789. The issue features the 20-line poem “On the Death of a Child, Five Years of Age” and attributes it as [By Phillis Wheatly, a negro]. Previously bound, possibly as part of a larger volume of Arminian…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog A2021.113.1.10
Explore record →
Source image for Ona JudgeLoading image…
BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Ona Judge

Biography

Ona Judge Staines (c. 1773 – February 25, 1848), also known as Oney Maria Judge Staines, was a biracial enslaved woman who escaped from George Washington's presidential household, and eluded capture by him and by Martha Washington's relatives. She was born…

Wikipedia contributors
Read biography →
COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
Slavery and Freedom Objects

One cent token with advertisements for W. W. Wilbur's businesses

1846

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A round one cent token made from mixed metals featuring text advertising the several businesses of William W. Wilbur. Raised text on the recto and a central motif are largely obscured from corrosion. The letters "W. W. W..." and the year 1846 are the only…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2016.166.30
Explore record →
COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Operations Reports — Concord

July–Dec. 1867

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Unbound operations reports, July–December 1867, are arranged chronologically.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M1909, File 4.5.5
Explore record →
COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
ARCHIVE RECORD
Historical photographs & documents

Operations Reports From Subordinate Officers

June 1865–June 1866

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

Cataloged as “Operations Reports From Subordinate Officers”.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M979, Item 1.6.2.1
Explore record →
COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
ARCHIVE FILE
Archival documents & files

Operations Reports From Subordinate Officers — Reports of Bureau Operations in Arkansas

Date not recorded

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The operations reports from subordinate officers, June 1865–December 1868, are arranged chronologically. They usually were submitted monthly, although some quarterly reports are included. Some are reports of the number of destitute people in the subdistrict.

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog NMAAHC.FB.M979, File 1.6.2
Explore record →

Biographies, museum objects and archive records are distinct card types. Every card links to its historical source.