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SERIES 1 · THE COMPLETE COLLECTION

Series 1 · Civil Rights & Public Life

Follow movements, public leaders and campaigns for rights, citizenship and representation.

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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Ron Sims

1948–

Ronald Cordell Sims (born July 5, 1948) is the former deputy secretary of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, having served in the position from May 8, 2009 to July 2011. He is also a former King County executive and…

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BIOGRAPHY
Film & Television

Ron Walters

1938–2010

Ronald W. Walters (July 20, 1938 – September 10, 2010) was an American author, speaker and scholar of African-American politics. He was director of the African American Leadership Institute and Scholar Practitioner Program, Distinguished Leadership Scholar…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Ron Watson

1966–

Ronald L. Watson (born April 30, 1966) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maryland Senate representing District 23 since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously represented District 23B in the Maryland House of…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Ronald Chisom

1941–

Ronald Chisom is an African American author, civil rights activist and community organizer who was involved in fighting for justice and equality for marginalized communities in the United States. He is a co-founder of People's Institute for Survival and…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Ronald Daniels

Biography

Ronald Daniels (born 1942 or 1943) is a professor and politician and was a third-party candidate (Peace and Freedom Party) for President of the United States in the 1992 U.S. presidential election in California. His running mate was Asiba Tupahache. He was…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights & Community

Ronald Durham

Biography

L. Ronald Durham is an American civil rights activist, pastor and a Baptist minister. He has been a pastor at First Baptist Church in Anderson, New Jersey, First Mt. Zion Baptist Church in Newark, New Jersey, and Greater Friendship Baptist Church in…

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BIOGRAPHY
Military

Ronald Lee Sheffield

1946–

Ronald Lee Sheffield (born June 30, 1946) is an American attorney and former associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court. Appointed in January 2010 by Governor Mike Beebe, Sheffield served a one-year term following the retirement of Justice Annabelle…

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BIOGRAPHY
Medicine & Health

Ronald Myers

1956–2018

Ronald V. Myers, Sr. (born February 29, 1956 – September 7, 2018) was an American physician, Baptist minister, musician, and civil rights activist. He was the founder and chairman of several organizations active in the modern movement to promote the…

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BIOGRAPHY
Sports

Rondae Hollis-Jefferson

1995–

Rondae Jaquan Hollis-Jefferson (born January 3, 1995) is an American-born naturalized Jordanian professional basketball player for the TNT Tropang 5G of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). After playing college basketball for the Arizona Wildcats,…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Ronnie Crudup Jr.

1977–

Ronnie C. Crudup Jr. (born June 12, 1977) is an American politician, activist, and pastor serving as a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives. He assumed office on March 18, 2019.

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Ronnie Edwards

1952–2016

Rodnette Bethley Edwards, known as Ronnie Edwards (July 20, 1952 – February 24, 2016), was an African-American Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 29 in West and East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. She served for 44…

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MUSEUM OBJECT
Tools and Equipment

Ronson lighter flints belonging to Etta Moten Barnett

1950-2004

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

This is a card of Ronson lighter flints belonging to Etta Moten Barnett. It is a yellow plastic rectangular card with slots down the center to hold five flints. Two of the flints are missing. Raised black text across the top of the card reads “5 RONSON /…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog A2022.13.1.70
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MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Rooftop view of Oakland Police Department/ California Highway Patrol and others, c. 1969

ca. 1969

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

This black and white photograph depicts two lines of police walking along the side of an urban street. To their left are several lanes of traffic. To their right are crowds of people lining the sidewalk. The view is taken from overhead and slightly behind…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2016.117.26
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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Roosevelt F. Dorn

1935–

Roosevelt F. Dorn, was the former mayor of Inglewood, California. He was born October 29, 1935, in Checotah, Oklahoma. Dorn was elected mayor in 1997 to fill the unexpired term of Edward Vincent, who had become a member of the state Assembly.

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Roqy Tyraid

1986–

Jacob Raiford (born May 19, 1986), known professionally as Roqy TyRaiD, is an American rapper and activist. In 2015, he signed with Soulspazm Records and released his debut studio album, The Dichotomy of RoQy TyRaiD, in 2016. The album produced three…

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BIOGRAPHY
Literature

Ros Martin

Biography

Ros Martin (born 1960s) is a British playwright, poet, performance artist, curator and activist, born in London and based in Bristol since 1995. She is a founder member of the Bristol Black Women's Writers Group (2002–2005) and "Our Stories Make Waves"…

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BIOGRAPHY
Medicine & Health

Rosa Franklin

1927–

Rosa Lee Franklin (née Gourdine; born April 4, 1927) is an American politician and nurse who served as a member of the Washington State Senate from 1993 to 2011, representing the 29th District. She also served as the President Pro Tempore for the Senate.

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Rosa Gill

1943–

Rosa U. Gill (born June 5, 1943) is a Democratic former member of the North Carolina House of Representatives. She represented the 33rd district (including constituents in eastern Wake County) from her initial appointment in 2009 until 2025.

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BIOGRAPHY
Literature

Rosa Guy

1922–2012

Rosa Cuthbert Guy () (September 1, 1922 – June 3, 2012) was a Trinidad-born American writer and activist who grew up in the New York metropolitan area. Her family had immigrated and she was orphaned when young. Raised in foster homes, she later was…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Rosa Parks

1913–2005

On December 1, 1955, Parks refused to surrender her bus seat in Montgomery, Alabama. Her arrest sparked a 381-day boycott that challenged segregation.

U.S. National Archives
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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Rosa Parks and Other Civil Rights Leaders, Sixteenth Street Baptist Church

1963

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white digital image Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker, Rosa Parks, Reverend C. T. Vivian, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and two additional men standing on the stage at the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. The lectern can be seen on the left of the image with…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2015.129.38
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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and Ralph Abernathy, Holt Street Baptist Church During Bus Boycott

1958; printed 1987

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white photograph of Ralph Abernathy speaking with Rosa Parks while Martin Luther King Jr. stands in the background. The image was captured at the Holt Street Baptist Church during the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. There are several…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.49.11
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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Rosa Parks seated with Congressman John Conyers, Dr. Ralph David Abernathy and Mr. Cleveland Robinson

January 15, 1969; printed 2011

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

This black and white photograph depicts from proper right to left John Conyers, Ralph David Abernathy, Rosa Parks and Cleveland Robinson, who are all looking off-camera to proper left. They are seated inside the Ebenezer Baptist Church for Martin Luther…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.94.9
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Biographies, museum objects and archive records are distinct card types. Every card links to its historical source.