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SERIES 1 · THE COMPLETE COLLECTION

Series 1 · Civil Rights & Public Life

Follow movements, public leaders and campaigns for rights, citizenship and representation.

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Source image for Robert H. RobinsonLoading image…
BIOGRAPHY
Education & Scholarship

Robert H. Robinson

1824–1909

Rev. Robert Henry Robinson (1824–1909), was an American minister, educator, and an activist for the rights of African Americans during the Antebellum period in Arlington, Virginia. He was born into slavery, but through the negotiation by his grandmother,…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Robert H. Whittaker (politician)

?–1905

Robert H. Whittaker or Robert H. Whitaker (died September 7, 1905) was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in the U.S. state of Virginia, from 1874 - 1877.

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Robert H. Wood

1844–

Robert H. Wood (c. 1844–?) was an African American 19th-century politician, postmaster, and sheriff. He served as the first African American Mayor of Natchez, Mississippi from 1870 until 1871, and was part of the Adams County Board of Supervisors from 1871…

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BIOGRAPHY
Business

Robert Harris

Biography

Robert Harris (died 2005) was an American politician and civil rights activist who was the first African American to serve in the Utah State Legislature. A Democrat from Ogden, Utah, he was elected to the Utah House of Representatives in November 1976 and…

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BIOGRAPHY
Education & Scholarship

Robert Hayden

1913–1980

Robert Hayden (August 4, 1913 – February 25, 1980) was an American poet, essayist, and educator. He served as Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1976 to 1978, a role today known as U.S. Poet Laureate. He was the first African-American…

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BIOGRAPHY
Civil Rights

Robert Hayling

1929–2015

Robert Bagner Hayling (November 20, 1929 – December 20, 2015) was an American dentist and civil rights activist.

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Source image for Robert Heberton TerrellLoading image…
BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Robert Heberton Terrell

1857–1925

Robert Heberton Terrell (November 27, 1857 – December 20, 1925) was an attorney and the second African American to serve as a justice of the peace in Washington, D.C. In 1911 he was appointed as a judge to the District of Columbia Municipal Court by…

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BIOGRAPHY
Film & Television

Robert Hooks

1937–

Robert Hooks (born Bobby Dean Hooks; April 18, 1937) is an American actor, producer, and activist. Along with Douglas Turner Ward and Gerald S. Krone, he founded The Negro Ensemble Company. The Negro Ensemble Company is credited with the launch of the…

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MUSEUM OBJECT
Time-based Media - Moving Images

Robert J. Brown Oral History Interview

October 1, 2013

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The oral history consists of eleven digital files: 2011.174.106.1a, 2011.174.106.1b, 2011.174.106.1c, 2011.174.106.1d, 2011.174.106.1e, 2011.174.106.1f, 2011.174.106.1g, 2011.174.106.1h, 2011.174.106.1i, 2011.174.106.1j, and 2011.174.106.1k. Robert Brown…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.174.106.1a-k
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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Robert J. Moore

1844–

Robert James Moore (c. 1844–?) was a teacher and Republican politician who served three terms in the Texas Legislature. He was born in Navasota, Texas in 1844. After the American Civil War, he became active in the Republican Party. He first served as a…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Robert Jackson

1950–

Robert Jackson (born December 18, 1950) is an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he represents District 31 in the New York State Senate. He previously served in the New York City Council from 2002 to 2013, representing the 7th district…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Robert James Harlan

1816–1897

Robert James Harlan (December 12, 1816 – September 21, 1897) was a civil rights activist and politician in Cincinnati, Ohio from the 1870s to the 1890s. He was born a slave but was allowed free movement and employment on the plantation of Kentucky…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Robert John Palmer

1849–1928

Robert John Palmer (born January 18, 1849 – May 12, 1928) was a tailor and politician born into slavery in South Carolina.

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BIOGRAPHY
Business & Enterprise

Robert Kerr Goodwin

1948–

Robert "Bob" Kerr Goodwin is an American non-profit executive, political appointee, and publisher who was CEO of Points of Light.

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BIOGRAPHY
Literature

Robert L. Allen

1942–2024

Robert Lee Allen (May 29, 1942 – July 10, 2024) was an American activist, writer, and adjunct professor of African-American Studies and Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Allen received his Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of…

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BIOGRAPHY
Biography & Culture

Robert L. Carter

1917–2012

Robert Lee Carter (March 11, 1917 – January 3, 2012) was an American lawyer, civil rights activist, who argued the Brown v Board of Education case before the Supreme Court, and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the…

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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
Time-based Media - Moving Images

Robert L. Carter Oral History Interview

October 22, 2010

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The oral history consists of three digital files 2011.174.1.1a, 2011.174.1.1b, 2011.174.1.1c. There is also a transcript of the interview 2011.174.1.2. A digital oral history interview with Robert L. Carter that recalls growing up in Newark, New Jersey,…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.174.1.1abc
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BIOGRAPHY
Politics

Robert L. Fortes

1942–1979

Robert L. Fortes (May 26, 1942 – September 15, 1979) was an American community leader and politician. He was born and raised in Connecticut and moved to Boston in 1965, where he became a leader in the city's black community. He served two terms in the…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Robert L. Wilkins

1963–

Robert Leon Wilkins (born October 2, 1963) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He previously served as a judge of the United States District…

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COLLECTION RECORDImage not availableExplore the catalog description and source record.
MUSEUM OBJECT
Photographs and Still Images

Robert Lee Elder (Seated center at table) golfer

1979

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

A black-and-white photograph of Sterling Tucker, Nadine Winter, an unidentified man, Marion Barry and John A. Wilson sitting at a table with microphones in front of them. Additional people are standing and sitting behind them and clapping. The photograph…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.15.377
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BIOGRAPHY
Literature

Robert Lincoln Poston

1891–1924

Robert T. Lincoln Poston (February 25, 1891 – March 16, 1924) was an African-American newspaper editor and journalist, who was an activist in Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). He died at sea as he returned from a UNIA mission…

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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Robert Lloyd Smith

1861–1942

Robert Lloyd Smith (January 8, 1861 – July 10, 1942) was an educator, businessman, and Republican politician who served two terms in the Texas Legislature. Born a free black in Charleston, South Carolina in 1861, he moved to Texas about 1880. He served as…

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MUSEUM OBJECT
Time-based Media - Moving Images

Robert McClary Oral History Interview

March 9, 2013

FROM THE SOURCE CATALOG

The oral history consists of two digital files: 2011.174.64.1a and 2011.174.64.1b. In this short interview, Robert McClary discusses his involvement in the Southwest Georgia Project. McClary describes attending mass meetings in Worth County, Georgia, and…

Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and CultureCatalog 2011.174.64.1ab
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BIOGRAPHY
Politics & Public Life

Robert Meacham

1835–1902

Robert Meacham (1835–1902) was an educational, religious and political leader in Florida during and after Reconstruction. An African-American, he was a slave in Quincy, Florida; one of the sons of his enslaver, he was educated by him. He purchased his…

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Biographies, museum objects and archive records are distinct card types. Every card links to its historical source.